Vert.x 响应式微服务设计之-缓存设计

设计思路

思路很简单,无非就是优先使用缓存数据,如果缓存为空,则从数据库加载数据,并缓存,但是由于我们是使用Vert.x实现响应式的微服务,所以上述步骤必须以异步的方式实现,整合这个异步的过程将是一个难点,这里我们使用到了响应式数据库客户端:vertx-jdbc-client和响应式Redis客户端:vertx-redis-client,它们提供了丰富的API,能够帮助我们轻松实现上诉目标。

响应式数据库客户端:vertx-jdbc-client,主要用到了基于RxJava版本的相关API,如:rxQueryWithParams,基于RxJava版本的API,利用了RxJava的发布订阅机制,在写法上更简洁,直观,优雅,避免了原生版本的回调地狱等缺点,大大提高了代码的可读性和可维护性。

响应式Redis客户端:vertx-redis-client,主要用到了三个API:get,getset,expire,分表表示:获取缓存数据,设置缓存数据,设置缓存KEY过期时间。

核心交互过程如下:

  1. 读取缓存

//首先从缓存中获取值,如果没有值,则查询数据库,并缓存,否则使用缓存的值。
        RedisAPIHolder.getRedisAPI().get(cacheKey)
                .onSuccess(val -> {
                    //缓存中没有数据,则从数据加载,并缓存
                    if(val == null){
                        LOGGER.info("预编译SQL:{},参数:{}",finalSql,dataAll);
                        //被观察者对象
                        Single<ResultSet> resultSet = dbClient.rxQueryWithParams(finalSql, dataAll);
                        //观察者对象
                        SingleObserver<List<JsonObject>> singleObserver = RedisAPIHolder.toObserver(cacheKey, resultHandler);
                        //绑定:观察者对象订阅被观察者对象发布的事件
                        resultSet.map(ResultSet::getRows).subscribe(singleObserver);
                    }else{//缓存有值,则使用缓存的值
                        LOGGER.info("从缓存获取值:key->{}", cacheKey);
                        List<JsonObject> jsonObjectList = toJsonObjectList(val.toString());
                        resultHandler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(jsonObjectList));
                    }
                })
                .onFailure(event -> LOGGER.error("从缓存获取值失败:key->{},{}", cacheKey,event.getCause()));

  • 缓存数据并设置过期时间

  • /**
         * 异步结果观察者对象
         * <li></li>
         * @author javacoo
         * @date 2023/6/11 22:25
    
         * @param cacheKey 缓存KEY
         * @param handler 异步结果处理器
         * @return: SingleObserver<T>
         */
        public static <T> SingleObserver<T> toObserver(String cacheKey,Handler<AsyncResult<T>> handler) {
            AtomicBoolean completed = new AtomicBoolean();
            return new SingleObserver<T>() {
                @Override
                public void onSubscribe(@NonNull Disposable d) {
                }
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(@NonNull T item) {
                    if (completed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                        //响应结果
                        handler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(item));
                        //缓存数据,并设置过期时间
                        redisAPI.getset(cacheKey, JSONUtil.toJsonStr(item))
                                .onSuccess(val -> {
                                    LOGGER.info("查询数据库获取值,并缓存:key->{},expireTime->{}秒",cacheKey,redisProperties.getExpireTime());
                                    //设置过期时间
                                    List<String> command = new ArrayList<>();
                                    command.add(cacheKey);
                                    command.add(String.valueOf(redisProperties.getExpireTime()));
                                    redisAPI.expire(command);
                                })
                                .onFailure(event -> LOGGER.error("缓存数据失败:key->{},{}",cacheKey,event.getCause()));
    
                    }
                }
                @Override
                public void onError(Throwable error) {
                    if (completed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                        handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(error));
                    }
                }
            };
        }

    相关配置及核心代码实现

    1. 导入依赖

          <dependency>
             <groupId>org.javacoo.vertx</groupId>
             <artifactId>vertx-core</artifactId>
             <version>1.0</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
             <artifactId>vertx-rx-java2</artifactId>
             <version>${vertx.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
             <artifactId>vertx-jdbc-client</artifactId>
             <version>${vertx.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
             <artifactId>vertx-config-yaml</artifactId>
             <version>${vertx.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
             <artifactId>vertx-pg-client</artifactId>
             <version>${vertx.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
             <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
             <version>42.2.2</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
             <artifactId>vertx-redis-client</artifactId>
             <version>${vertx.version}</version>
         </dependency>

  • 配置文件

  • redis:
      urls:
        - redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0  clientType: STANDALONE  poolName: p-red  poolCleanerInterval: 30000
      maxPoolSize: 8
      maxPoolWaiting: 32
      password: 123456

  • 配置对象:包含在:ConfigProperties配置对象中

  • public static class RedisProperties {
            private RedisClientType clientType = RedisClientType.STANDALONE;
            private String[] urls;
            private String password;
            private String poolName = "redis-p";
            private int poolCleanerInterval = 30_000;
            private int maxPoolSize = 8;
            private int maxPoolWaiting = 32;
            private String masterName = "mymaster";
            private RedisRole role = RedisRole.MASTER;
    
            private Integer expireTime = 60 * 60;
        //省略getter,setter
        ...}

  • 加载配置:加载系统相关配置

  • private ConfigRetrieverOptions initOptions() {
            // 使用默认ConfigStore
            ConfigRetrieverOptions options = new ConfigRetrieverOptions().setIncludeDefaultStores(false);
            // 禁用配置刷新
            options.setScanPeriod(-1);
            //加载主配置
            options.addStore(new ConfigStoreOptions()
                    .setType("file")
                    .setFormat("yaml")
                    .setOptional(true)
                    .setConfig(new JsonObject().put("path", "application.yaml")));
            String envFile = new StringBuilder("application-").append(env).append(".yaml").toString();
            //加载环境配置
            options.addStore(new ConfigStoreOptions()
                    .setType("file")
                    .setFormat("yaml")
                    .setOptional(true)
                    .setConfig(new JsonObject().put("path", envFile)));
            // 禁用缓存
            options.getStores().forEach(store -> {
                store.getConfig().put("cache", "false");
            });
            return options;
        }

  • 初始化系统配置对象

  • public class ConfigPropertiesHolder {
        private static ConfigProperties configProperties;
        public static void init(JsonObject envConfig){
            Objects.requireNonNull(envConfig, "未初始化envConfig");
            configProperties = envConfig.mapTo(ConfigProperties.class);
        }
        public static ConfigProperties getConfigProperties() {
            Objects.requireNonNull(configProperties, "未初始化ConfigProperties");
            return configProperties;
        }}

  • Redis缓存组件:

    初始化

  • //初始化RedisClientHolder
                    RedisAPIHolder.init(mainVertx, envConfig, redisConnectionAsyncResult -> {
                        if(redisConnectionAsyncResult.succeeded()){
                            LOGGER.info("redis初始化成功");
                        }else{
                            LOGGER.error("redis初始化失败",redisConnectionAsyncResult.cause());
                        }
                    });

    RedisClientHolder:

    /**
     * Redis持有者
     * <li></li>
     *
     * @author javacoo
     * @version 1.0
     * @date 2023/6/11 21:55
     */public class RedisAPIHolder {
        protected static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisAPIHolder.class);
        private static RedisAPI redisAPI;
        private static Redis redis;
    
        private static ConfigProperties.RedisProperties redisProperties;
        public static void init(Vertx vertx, JsonObject envConfig,Handler<AsyncResult<RedisConnection>> resultHandler) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(envConfig, "未初始化envConfig");
            //解析配置
            redisProperties = envConfig.mapTo(ConfigProperties.class).getRedis();
            RedisOptions options = new RedisOptions()
                    .setType(redisProperties.getClientType())
                    .setPoolName(redisProperties.getPoolName())
                    .setMaxPoolSize(redisProperties.getMaxPoolSize())
                    .setMaxPoolWaiting(redisProperties.getMaxPoolWaiting())
                    .setPoolCleanerInterval(redisProperties.getPoolCleanerInterval());
    
            // password
            if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(redisProperties.getPassword())) {
                options.setPassword(redisProperties.getPassword());
            }
            // connect address [redis://localhost:7000, redis://localhost:7001]
            for (String url : redisProperties.getUrls()) {
                options.addConnectionString(url);
            }
            // sentinel
            if (redisProperties.getClientType().equals(RedisClientType.SENTINEL)) {
                options.setRole(redisProperties.getRole()).setMasterName(redisProperties.getMasterName());
            }
            //创建redisclient实例
            redis = Redis.createClient(vertx, options);
            redis.connect(resultHandler);
        }
    
        public static RedisAPI getRedisAPI() {
            Objects.requireNonNull(redis, "未初始化Redis");
            redisAPI = RedisAPI.api(redis);
            return redisAPI;
        }
        /**
         * 异步结果观察者对象
         * <li></li>
         * @author javacoo
         * @date 2023/6/11 22:25
    
         * @param cacheKey 缓存KEY
         * @param handler 异步结果处理器
         * @return: SingleObserver<T>
         */
        public static <T> SingleObserver<T> toObserver(String cacheKey,Handler<AsyncResult<T>> handler) {
            AtomicBoolean completed = new AtomicBoolean();
            return new SingleObserver<T>() {
                @Override
                public void onSubscribe(@NonNull Disposable d) {
                }
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(@NonNull T item) {
                    if (completed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                        //响应结果
                        handler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(item));
                        //缓存数据,并设置过期时间
                        redisAPI.getset(cacheKey, JSONUtil.toJsonStr(item))
                                .onSuccess(val -> {
                                    LOGGER.info("查询数据库获取值,并缓存:key->{},expireTime->{}秒",cacheKey,redisProperties.getExpireTime());
                                    //设置过期时间
                                    List<String> command = new ArrayList<>();
                                    command.add(cacheKey);
                                    command.add(String.valueOf(redisProperties.getExpireTime()));
                                    redisAPI.expire(command);
                                })
                                .onFailure(event -> LOGGER.error("缓存数据失败:key->{},{}",cacheKey,event.getCause()));
    
                    }
                }
                @Override
                public void onError(Throwable error) {
                    if (completed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                        handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(error));
                    }
                }
            };
        }}

  • 组件使用

  • /**
         * 加载集合数据
         * <li></li>
         * @author javacoo
         * @date 2023/6/10 22:42
         * @param dbClient dbClient
         * @param resultHandler resultHandler
         * @param finalSql 预编译SQL
         * @param dataAll SQL参数
         * @param cacheKey 缓存KEY
         * @return: void
         */
        public static void loadListData(JDBCClient dbClient,Handler<AsyncResult<List<JsonObject>>> resultHandler, String finalSql, JsonArray dataAll, String cacheKey) {
            //首先从缓存中获取值,如果没有值,则查询数据库,并缓存,否则使用缓存的值。
            RedisAPIHolder.getRedisAPI().get(cacheKey)
                    .onSuccess(val -> {
                        //缓存中没有数据,则从数据加载,并缓存
                        if(val == null){
                            LOGGER.info("预编译SQL:{},参数:{}",finalSql,dataAll);
                            //被观察者对象
                            Single<ResultSet> resultSet = dbClient.rxQueryWithParams(finalSql, dataAll);
                            //观察者对象
                            SingleObserver<List<JsonObject>> singleObserver = RedisAPIHolder.toObserver(cacheKey, resultHandler);
                            //绑定:观察者对象订阅被观察者对象发布的事件
                            resultSet.map(ResultSet::getRows).subscribe(singleObserver);
                        }else{//缓存有值,则使用缓存的值
                            LOGGER.info("从缓存获取值:key->{}", cacheKey);
                            List<JsonObject> jsonObjectList = toJsonObjectList(val.toString());
                            resultHandler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(jsonObjectList));
                        }
                    })
                    .onFailure(event -> LOGGER.error("从缓存获取值失败:key->{},{}", cacheKey,event.getCause()));
        }

  • 测试

    第一次查询:

  • [2023-06-17 21:13:28.126] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-eventloop-thread-1] [ Class:org.javacoo.vertx.core.factory.RouterHandlerFactory >> Method: lambda$createRouter$1:92 ]
    INFO:执行交易->appid:null,交易流水号:null,方法:http://127.0.0.1:8331/api/basicEducation/getBasicEduSpecialTeachersTotalByQualificationType,参数:{"areaCode":"510000000000","level":"1"}
    
    [2023-06-17 21:13:28.246] [level: DEBUG] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-3] [ Class:io.vertx.redis.client.impl.RedisConnectionManager >> Method: ?:? ]
    DEBUG:{mode: standalone, server: redis, role: master, proto: 3, id: 95923, version: 7.0.4, modules: []}
    
    [2023-06-17 21:13:28.344] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-3] [ Class:edu.sc.gis.api.utils.ServiceUtils >> Method: lambda$loadListData$0:40 ]
    INFO:预编译SQL:SELECT sum(g.zrjss) total , sum(g.jzgs) empTotal , g.eduType, g.qualificationType FROM(SELECT t1.zrjss, t1.jzgs, replace(t1.xl, 'XL@GJ@','') qualificationType, t.xxbxlx eduType FROM gis_js_xx_jbxx t LEFT JOIN gis_js_xlxb_rs t1 ON t1.gis_xx_jbxx = t.gis_xx_jbxx WHERE t1.zrjss is NOT null AND t1.xl is NOT null AND t.sszgjyxzd LIKE ?) g GROUP BY g.eduType ,g.qualificationType,参数:["51%"]
    
    [2023-06-17 21:13:28.407] [level: DEBUG] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-1] [ Class:io.vertx.ext.jdbc.spi.JDBCEncoder >> Method: ?:? ]
    DEBUG:Convert JDBC column [JDBCColumnDescriptor[columnName=(0), jdbcTypeWrapper=(JDBCTypeWrapper[vendorTypeNumber=(12), vendorTypeName=(text), vendorTypeClass=(class java.lang.String), jdbcType=(VARCHAR)])]][java.lang.String]
    
    [2023-06-17 21:13:28.980] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-3] [ Class:edu.sc.gis.api.cache.RedisAPIHolder >> Method: lambda$onSuccess$0:83 ]
    INFO:查询数据库获取值,并缓存:key->totalTeacherByQueryType_f.qualificationType_51%,expireTime->3600秒

    第二次查询:

    [2023-06-17 21:18:18.121] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-eventloop-thread-1] [ Class:org.javacoo.vertx.core.factory.RouterHandlerFactory >> Method: lambda$createRouter$1:92 ]
    INFO:执行交易->appid:null,交易流水号:null,方法:http://127.0.0.1:8331/api/basicEducation/getBasicEduSpecialTeachersTotalByQualificationType,参数:{"areaCode":"510000000000","level":"1"}
    
    [2023-06-17 21:18:18.212] [level: DEBUG] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-3] [ Class:io.vertx.redis.client.impl.RedisConnectionManager >> Method: ?:? ]
    DEBUG:{mode: standalone, server: redis, role: master, proto: 3, id: 95924, version: 7.0.4, modules: []}
    
    [2023-06-17 21:18:18.392] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-1] [ Class:edu.sc.gis.api.utils.ServiceUtils >> Method: lambda$loadListData$0:44 ]
    INFO:从缓存获取值:key->totalTeach